IDNO

P.71795.GIJ

Description

A Lughulu ‘beautiful’ female mask worn by a male; the mask is carved in an oval shape with naturalistic features. The face of the mask consists of two oval slit eyes accentuated with high rounded eyebrows, long triangular shaped nose, open mouth with teeth painted white, elliptical shaped ears, and scarification markings in the centre of the forehead. The top of the mask is made up of an open curved arched design. The mask is painted white with black paint which defines the hairline, eyes, mouth and top of the mask; the top of the mask was painted white but the colour is fading. s. The male modelling the mask is seated and next to him are bamboo poles and behind him is a house.

Place

W Africa; Nigeria; South Eastern Nigeria; Cross River; Northern Bende division

Cultural Affliation

Igbo [historically Ibo]; Alayi

Named Person

Photographer

Jones, Gwilliam Iwan (known as G.I.)

Collector / Expedition

Date

circa 1930 - 1939

Collection Name

Jones collection

Source

Jones, Gwilliam Iwan (known as G.I.)

Format

Print Black & White

Primary Documentation

Other Information

P.71728.GIJ to P.71831.GIJ were kept in box 14, now numbered C300/.
P.71789.GIJ to P.71815.GIJ were found wrapped in paper, now numbered C300/3/.

Publication: Same image published on John McCall’s G.I. Jones website with the following information: [Source: www.siu.edu/~anthro/mccall/jones/, AF ]
1. Index to various Igbo groups: Ngusu Ada, Isu Ikwu Ato, Alayi, Item
2. Alayi Igbo (Isu-Ikem)
3. Mask Ugwu Eke village (6th image).

Publication: Similar images are found in Jones, 1989, p.16, Figure 8. The caption reads: “Lughulu masquerade, Ugwueke Alayi town, Isu-Item Ibo. Mask representing a beautiful female spirit.” and in Jones, 1973, Figure 3, p.59.

Context: The Item and Alayi tribes had their own particular masquerades called Lughulu. The characters wore masks, not heads, and these were of two kinds: beautiful, which were female, sometimes white-faced, sometimes stained a reddish brown colour with cam wood: and ugly, which were either white-faced or stained black, and were considered comic rather than fierce. These masks were sometimes full-sized but often, like some Ogoni masks, were small and designed to cover only the upper portion of the actor’s face, leaving his mouth and jaw exposed (Jones, 1984, p.206) In describing the style of this Lughulu mask Jones writes that it conforms to a stylized mode which converts the salient features to geometrical forms. In the Isu-Item maskerade, the beautiful female masks are carved in either a rounded or naturalistic mode while the fierce or comic male masks are stylized(Jones, 1973, pp. 60-61).

Context: Cole and Aniakor write, “In Item and Ugweke, for example, a series of fine masks are danced in a ‘play’ called Lughulu that includes the familiar opposition of pretty females and ugly males but almost nothing is known about the cult.” (Cole and Aniakor, 1989, p. 166).

Bibliographical Reference:
Jones, G.I. 1973 “Sculpture of the Umuahia Area of Nigeria”, in African Arts, Vol. 6, No.4, pp.58-63+96.
Jones, G.I., 1984. The Art of Eastern Nigeria (Cambridge University Press)
Jones, G.I. 1989. Ibo Art (Shire)
Cole, H. & C. Aniakor, 1984. Igbo Arts: Community and Cosmos (Museum of Cultural History, University of California)

This catalogue record has been updated with the support of the Getty Grant Program Two. [Alicia Fentiman 27/11/2007]