IDNO

P.8021.ACH1

Description

On Catalogue Card: Coast Tartars, Gypsy, Ripley, p.423.

A set of frontal and profile head and shoulder portraits of four ‘Gypsy’ men of the Crimea and Lycia, used to illustrate the types of European men. [JD 27/10/2009]

Place

N Europe; Russia; Ukraine; Türkiye; Gurzuf; Antalya; Mugla [USSR; Goursuf; Turkey; Anatolia; Lycia]

Cultural Affliation

Named Person

Photographer

von Luschan, F. Ritter; Janko (Dr)

Collector / Expedition

Ripley, William Zebina

Date

circa 1889

Collection Name

Mounted Haddon Collection

Source

Format

Print Black & White Mounted

Primary Documentation

Other Information

Place: The Place field was previously recorded as being “Europe; Former Soviet Union; Russia”, but the prints are captioned with the places ‘Crimea’ and ‘Lycia’. Lycia was a region of Anatolia in what are not the provinces of Antalya and Mugla in Turkey. The Place and Group fields has been amended accordingly. [Source: Mappoint, JD 27/10/2009]

Publication: All six images were published in Ripley, William Zebina, 1900, The Races of Europe; a sociological study (Lowell institute lectures) (London, K. Paul Trench, Trübner & co., ltd), p.422, figs. 189-194 with the following captions:
“189-190. COAST TATARS, Goursuf, Crimea.
191-192. GYPSY, Lycia, Asia Minor.
193-194. GYPSY, Lycia, Asia Minor.” [Full text available on Internet Archives, www.archive.org/details/raceseurope00ripluoft, JD 27/10/2009]

Bibliographical Reference: The following text is found in Ripley, 1913, pp.419-420:
“A difficulty in the analysis of these peoples lies in the prevalence of customs of cranial deformation among them. All that is certain is that they are very brunet, but in no wise Mongoloid. Their resemblance to the Gypsies, of supposedly Hindoo extraction, is rather close, as comparison of our portraits in this series will make apparent. Another Gypsy of distinctly Indian type from Asia Minor is represented in the series at page 422. Before taking leave of the Turkish peoples a word should be added concerning the Tatars. Xo other people of Europe have scattered so far and wide, preserving an identity of language meanwhile. They fall, in the main, into three groups: One about Kazan in eastern Russia, known as the Volga Tatars (see map, page 362) ; a second in and about the Crimean peninsula ; and, thirdly, that centreing about the Caucasus mountains. These last, in northern Caucasia, are known as Xogays or Koumyks; those in the south, constituting the Azerbeidjian or Iranian Tatars. The first are aggregated in a solid body ; the second seem to be dispersed among a host of Armenians, Kurds, Persians, and other peoples. Their distribution is in part shown upon our map of Caucasia at page 439. This latter group of Tatars in Russian Armenia number to-day upward of a million souls. They are popularly supposed to represent an element which was left behind during the historic invasions of the Seljukian Turks into Europe. The contrast between the two groups north and south of the Caucasus is very marked. The Nogays and Koumyks, from their proximity to the Kirghez and the Kalmucks, are strongly Mongolian in aspect and in head forni.f The Azerbeidjians, on the other hand, have become much Iranized by contact with the dolichocephalic peoples of this region. This endows them with the long oval face and smooth features of the Persians and Kurds. Despite these differences, both Nogays and Azer beidjians adhere closely to their primitive Tatar speech. Long- continued separation has been powerless to affect them in this respect.” [Source: Internet Archives, www.archive.org/details/raceseurope00ripluoft, JD 27/10/2009]

Photographer: Ripley quotes the following as the sources for the above photographs:
“189-192. From F. Ritter von Luschan, 1889, by permission
193-194. Original; loaned by Dr. Janko, of Buda-Pesth 182 162.” (Ripley, 1913, LIST OF PORTRAIT TYPES. XXV). [JD 2/11/2009]

Bibliographical Reference: Petersen, E., 1889. (With F. von Luschan.) Reisen in Lykien, Milyas und Kibyratis. Wien. [JD 2/11/2009]