Accession No

1925.64


Description

Uhunmwun Elao. Lost-wax cast commemorative head of an Oba, used to support a tusk on an ancestral altar. Presumed collected on the British Expedition to Benin City, 1897.


Place

Africa; West Africa; Nigeria; [?Kingdom of Benin]; Edo State; ?Benin City; ?Oba’s Palace


Period

18th century 19th century


Source

?British Colonial Military Campaign on Benin [?collector]; Cobbett, Louis (Dr) [donor]


Department

Anth


Reference Numbers

1925.64


Cultural Affliation

Edo


Material

Metal; Copper Alloy; ?Bronze; Iron


Local Term

Uhunmwun elao [Edo]


Measurements

251mm x 336mm x 271mm Weight 14.4kg


Events

Context (References)
Catalogue card notes: cf. Pitt Rivers, A.H.L (1900) Antique Works of Art from Benin, Pl. XVI, p.32 '(N.B.) This cast has a base'.

Event Date 1900
Author: maa


Context (Display)
Register notes: exhibited at the 'Wembley Exhib: 1924'. This is the British Empire Exhibition, Wembley Park, London, 23 April 1924 to 31 October 1925.
Event Date 23/4/1924
Author: rachel hand


Context (Auction / Sale)
Possibly purchased by Cobbet at the close of the Empire Exhibition where it may have been exhibited as part of the Nigerian Pavilion, which also included Nigerian artists as living displays and a replica altar which featured painted wood representations of the original bronze and ivory artworks
Event Date 1925
Author: rachel hand


Context (Other owners)
Donated by Dr Louis Cobbet (1863-1947), Cambridge University Lecturer in Bacteriology from 1907 to 1929. There is no documentation on Cobbet’s acquisition but it is typical of the ‘bronzes’ looted as part of the Benin Expedition, 1897. This has therefore been added to the source field with queries to indicate the lack of available data for a definite provenance.
Event Date 1925
Author: Katrina Dring


Description (Physical description)
Catalogue card notes: "Bronze cast of human head, negro features, 3 tribal marks over each eye, hatching above, circles below same. Pupils of eyes inlaid with iron. Reticulated headdress and 4 rosettes of coral or agate. Coral choker -badge of rank. Band of coral on each side of ear and 4 strands of plaited hair. Base of head decorated with ox heads and other animals and Neolithic celt s in front and behind."
Event Date 8/6/2000
Author: maa


Loan (Exhibition)
Exhibition Body Art exhibition, January-July 2006.

Installation week: 23rd-27th January.

Last day of exhibition: 2nd July; de-installation: 3rd July.
Event Date 23/01/2006
Author: maa


Context (Display)
Exhibited: On loan to Stevenage Museum, UK, for 'Body Art: The Human Canvas,' 4 February to 2 July 2006.
Event Date 4/02/2006
Author: Katrina Dring


Conservation (Surface Clean)
CON.2016.3608 | Surface Clean
Event Date 30/11/2016
Author: Kirstie Williams


Description (Physical description)
Benin Head
Event Date 7/12/2016
Author: maa


Context (References)
McKeating, Alison, D. W. Phillipson and Rachel Maclean. Metal in Africa. Cambridge: Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Cambridge University African Studies Centre, 1996. Pg 2 and 27
Event Date 31/3/2016
Author: Remke Velden


Context (Analysis)
In January 2017, Prof. Marcos Martinon-Torres and Agnese Benzonelli, UCL Institute of Archaeology, tested this idno using a portable XRF as part of a programme of base metal analysis of Benin material. This object was tested twice and the results are as follows: 1) Cu: 70.53%; Zn: 26.80%; Sn: 0.03%; Pb: 2.27%. 2) Cu: 70.84%; Zn: 26.10%; Sn: 0.02%; Pb: 2.60%.

It was observed this head was classed as Willett 5 and 1700-1850 (Dark 4 chrono range).
Event Date 27/1/2017
Author: Eleanor Wilkinson


Context (Display)
Exhibited in the Benin case, Andrews Gallery, 20 March 2017- present.
Event Date 20/3/2017
Author: rachel hand


Context (Related Documents)
Catalogue card reads, in black ink: 25.64 | W. Africa / Benin / Bronze cast of human head. Negro features, 3 tribal marks over each eye, hatching above, circles below same. Pupils of eyes inlaid with iron. Reticulated head-dress & 4 rosettes of coral or agate. Coral choker - badge of rank. Band of coral on each side of ear & 4 strands of plaited hair. Base of head decorated with ox heads & other animals & Neolithic celts in front and behind. / D.D. Dr L. Cobbett / cf. Pitt Rivers "Antique Works of Art from Benin" PL XVI. p32. (NB) this cast has a base)."
Red circular sticker in bottom right corner of card.
Event Date 19/8/2020
Author: Katrina Dring


FM:128121

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